€2 commemorative coins

€2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or draw attention to current events of special importance. As of 2012, a hundred and five variations of €2 commemorative coins have been minted – six in 2004, eight in 2005, seven in 2006, twenty in 2007 (including the thirteen versions of the common issue), ten in 2008, twenty-five in 2009 (including the sixteen versions of the common issue), twelve in 2010, sixteen in 2011 and one in 2012. A common issue is planned for 2012. The €2 commemorative coins have become collectibles, but are different from commemorative coins with a face value higher than €2, which are officially designated as "collector coins" and usually made of precious metals.[1]

Only the country sides of the coins may be changed; the common side may not. In 2007 and 2009, all countries released common commemorative coins, though Cyprus, Estonia and Ireland have not released any independently. Luxembourg and Finland are the only countries to have released commemorative coins every year. The number of commemorative coins is limited to one per country per year and to 5 percent of the total output. Limits on the designs are also in place to ensure uniformity.

Contents

Regulations and restrictions

The basis for the commemorative coins is derived from a decision of the European Council, which allowed changing the national obverse sides of euro coins from 1 January 2004 onwards.[2] However, a number of recommendations and restrictions still apply.

Two restrictions concern the design. Euro coins must still have a common reverse side, so only the national obverse sides may be changed. Also, the standard national obverse sides per se should not be changed before 2008 at the earliest, unless the head of state depicted on some of the coins changes before then. (This clause already came into effect for Monaco and the Vatican City, whose heads of state—Rainier III and Pope John Paul II respectively—died in 2005 and whose national obverse sides were changed for 2006.)

Further regulations restrict the frequency and number of commemorative coin issues. Each member state shall only issue one commemorative coin per year, and it shall only be denominated as a €2 coin. The total number of such coins put into circulation per year should not surpass the higher of the following two numbers:[3]

Another decision added two more guidelines regarding the design of the coins. The state issuing a coin should in some way clearly be identified on the obverse side, either by stating the full name or a clearly identifiable abbreviation of it; and neither name nor the denomination of the coin should be repeated on the obverse, as it is already featured on the common reverse side.[4]

These restrictions do not apply retroactively; only new designs—the national obverse sides for regular issues of states newly joining the euro or of eurozone states which change their design, and €2 commemorative coins issued from 2006 onwards—are subject to them. However, the five countries whose designs violated the first update to the rules (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece) initially were assumed to have to change their design in the near future, which Finland did for 2007[5] and Belgium for 2008.

Another decision changed the rules again:[6]

  1. every fifteen years to bring it into line with the head of state's current appearance;
  2. if the head of state abdicates or dies. However, temporary heads of state may not be used as a reason for changing the design; instead a €2 commemorative coin (potentially a second €2 commemorative coin) will be allowed to be issued.

(These provisions forced Belgium to change its design back to show the original portrait of its monarch, because the 2008 update to follow the recommendations also updated the portrait, which was against the rules. The Belgian coins from 2009 onwards show the original royal portrait of 1999, but otherwise keep the new 2008 coin design as far as the country identification and year mark are concerned. These provisions additionally prohibit further sede vacante sets of coins by the Vatican City, allowing only commemorative coins for such occasions.) Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain were the states which were in breach of these new guidelines. Spain updated their design from 2010 onwards to meet the new rules, leaving Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovenia and Slovakia in breach of them.[7] The recommendation will be reviewed in 2015.

Issues

As of January 2011, seventeen countries have independently issued €2 commemorative coins (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and the Vatican City), with Greece being the first country to issue this type of coin. Three eurozone countries have not yet independently issued such coins (Cyprus, Estonia and Ireland); there have also been three common €2 commemorative coin issued by all eurozone member states:

Country Issues 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
reg. ToR reg. euro reg. c&b
 Austria 3 Y Y Y S
 Belgium 8 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S
 Cyprus 1 Y S
 Estonia 0 S
 Finland 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S
 France 5 Y Y Y Y Y S
 Germany 8 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S
 Greece 5 Y Y Y Y Y S
 Ireland 2 Y Y S
 Italy 9 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S
 Luxembourg 11 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S
 Malta 2 Y Y S
 Monaco 2 Y Y
 Netherlands 3 Y Y Y S
 Portugal 7 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S
 San Marino 8 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
 Slovakia 3 Y Y Y S
 Slovenia 5 Y Y Y Y Y S
 Spain 5 Y Y Y Y Y S
 Vatican City 8 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Total 105 6 8 7 7 13 10 9 16 12 16 1 (17)
  Y – yes
  was not yet part of the eurozone
  no
  S – scheduled

Issued designs are made public in the Official Journal of the European Union (references to these publications are given in the tables below).

2004 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Greece Summer Olympics in Athens 2004 50 million coins 14 March 2004[8]
Description: The Discobolus (a classical Greek sculpture by Myron) is depicted in the centre of the coin. To the left of it is the logo of the Olympic games (ATHENS 2004) and the five Olympic Rings, while to the right the denomination of the coin is given in Greek (2 ΕΥΡΩ). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design. The year mark is split around the star in the bottom centre (20*04), and the mint mark is to the upper left of the statue's head.[9]
 
 Finland Fifth Enlargement of the European Union in 2004 1 million coins FDI:[10] 1 June 2004
FDC:[11] 1 July 2004[12]
Description: The coin's design resembles a stylised pillar from which ten sprouts grow upwards. This is a metaphorical theme: The ten sprouts represent the growth of the European Union (i.e., the 2004 enlargement which added ten new member states), while the pillar represents the foundation for the growth. Near the bottom of the coin, below the pillar, the word EU is written, and together with the right side of the pillar, representing the Greek small letter "ρ" (rho), it reads "euro". The twelve stars of the European Union adorn the outer ring together with the year mark, which is at the top of the ring.[13]
 
 Luxembourg Effigy and Monogram of Grand Duke Henri 2.49 million coins 23 June 2004[14]
Description: On the left side of the centre part of the coin, the effigy of Grand Duke Henri is depicted, looking to the right. The right side displays his monogram (the letter H topped with a crown). The twelve stars of the European Union are also on the right side of the inner part, surrounding the monogram in a semicircular form. The year mark, the mint mark and the engraver's initials are written in circular shape at the top of the outer ring, together with the word LËTZEBUERG ("Luxembourg" in Luxembourgish), while the words HENRI – Grand-Duc de Luxembourg appear at the bottom of the ring.[15]
 
 Italy Fifth Decade of the World Food Programme 16 million coins 15 December 2004[16]
Description: In the centre of the coin is a globe, tilted to the right. Three ears emerge from behind the globe, reaching out to cross the outer ring; these are maize, rice and wheat, representing the world's basic sources of nourishment. The letters R and I, superimposed over one another, are to the right of the globe (representing Repubblica Italiana), and below them are the engraver's (Uliana Pernazza) initials (a combination of the letters U and P). The mint mark (R) is to the upper left of the globe, the year mark is below it, and the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring, grouped into three batches of four stars each, separated by the three ears.[17]
 
 San Marino Bartolomeo Borghesi 110,000 coins 15 December 2004[18]
Description: The central piece of this coin is a bust of the famous historian and numismatist Bartolomeo Borghesi. It is surrounded by numerous inscriptions in the centre of the coin: SAN MARINO to the right of the bust, BARTOLOMEO BORGHESI, the mint mark (R) and the engraver's initials (E.L.F.) to the left of it. On the outer ring, the coin displays the twelve stars of the European Union and the year mark (bottom centre).[19]
 
 Vatican City 75th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Vatican City State 85,000 coins 15 December 2004[20]
Description: The central part of the coin depicts a schematic representation of the perimeter walls of the Vatican City with St. Peter's Basilica in the foreground, together with the inscriptions 75o ANNO DELLO STATO (to the left), 1929–2004 and the mint mark (R) (both to the right). In addition to these, the name of the designer (VEROI) and the initials of the engraver (L.D.S. INC.) are written in the lower right in smaller print. The outer ring is adorned by the twelve stars of the European Union and the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO.[21]

2005 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Luxembourg 50th Birthday of Grand Duke Henri, 5th Anniversary of his Accession to the Throne and 100th Anniversary of the Death of Grand Duke Adolphe 2.8 million coins 15 January 2005[22]
Description: In the centre of the coin, the effigies of the Grand Dukes Henri and Adolphe are displayed, both looking to the right, with Henri's superimposed on Adolphe's. The inscription GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG appears above the effigies, while the inscriptions HENRI *1955 and ADOLPHE †1905 are written below the respective effigies. The outer ring of the coin contains the twelve stars of the European Union, placed between the letters of the word LËTZEBUERG and the year mark, which is centred below the effigies positioned between S (for Suomi) on the left and the mint mark on the right.[23]
 
 Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union 6 million coins FDI:[10] 1 March 2005
FDC:[11] 1 April 2005[24]
Description: In the centre of the coin, the effigies of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg and King Albert II of the Belgians are depicted, looking left. The engraver's initials (LL) are in the lower right, while the year mark is below the effigies. On the outer circle, the twelve stars of the European Union are displayed, along with the mint mark on the bottom, the monogram of Grand-Duke Henri to the left and the monogram of King Albert II to the right.[25]
 
 Spain 4th Centenary of the first edition of Miguel de Cervantes' El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha 8 million coins 1 April 2005[26]
Description: The centre of the coin displays Don Quixote holding a lance, with the windmills from one of his most well-known escapades in the background. The inscription ESPAÑA is impressed into the surface of the coin to the left of the image, with the mint mark (an M topped by a crown) below. The twelve stars of the European Union are placed on the outer ring, with the four on the right side impressed into the surface of the coin, as well, and the year mark placed between three of the stars (*20*05*) at the bottom.[27]
 
 Austria 50th Anniversary of the Austrian State Treaty 7 million coins 11 May 2005[28]
Description: In the centre of the coin is a depiction of the seals and signatures of the Austrian State Treaty, signed by the foreign ministers of the Allied occupying forces (Vyacheslav Molotov for the Soviet Union, John Foster Dulles for the United States, Harold Macmillan for the United Kingdom and Antoine Pinay for France), the High Commissioners of the four sectors, as well as the Foreign Minister of Austria (Leopold Figl) on 15 May 1955. The inscription 50 JAHRE STAATSVERTRAG is above the seals, while the year mark is below it; in the background, vertical stripes serve as a heraldic depiction of Austria's national flag (red-white-red). The outer ring contains the twelve stars of the European Union.[29]
 
 San Marino World Year of Physics 2005 130,000 coins 14 October 2005[30]
Description: The centre of the coin contains a free interpretation of the allegorical painting of Galileo Galilei known as La fisica antica or The Study of the Planets. The year mark is inscribed below a globe standing on a desk. The mint mark (R) is to the left of the image, while the engraver’s initials (LDS) appear on the right. The inscription SAN MARINO is aligned in a semicircle above the image, while the inscription ANNO MONDIALE DELLA FISICA forms another semicircle below it. The outer ring bears the twelve stars of the European Union which are separated by the outer edges of a stylised atom depicted in the background of the entire coin.[31]
 
 Finland 60th Anniversary of the Establishment of the United Nations and 50th Anniversary of Finland's UN Membership 2 million coins 25 October 2005[32]
Description: The centre of the coin contains part of a jigsaw puzzle showing a dove of peace. On the bottom of the centre part, the inscription FINLAND – UN and the year mark is displayed; the artist's initial (K) appears above the last digit of the year mark, while the mint mark (M) is between the inscription and the dove. The twelve stars of the European Union adorn the outer ring.[33]
 
 Italy 1st Anniversary of the Signing of the European Constitution 18 million coins 29 October 2005[34]
Description: The centre of the coin features Europa and the bull (Zeus), together with the European Constitution; Europa is holding a pen over it, symbolising its signing. The mint mark (R) is to the upper left of the image, the engraver's (Maria Carmela Colaneri) initials (MCC) to the lower left, and the year mark is to the upper right. The monogram of the Italian Republic (RI) is at the bottom of the centre part, slightly to the left. The outer ring features the inscription COSTITUZIONE EUROPEA, forming almost a full semicircle, while the remainder of the outer ring is taken up by the twelve stars of the European Union.[35]
 
 Vatican City 20th World Youth Day, held in Cologne in August 2005 100,000 coins 6 December 2005[36]
Description: The centre of the coin contains the Cologne Cathedral and a comet passing by above it. The inscription XX GIORNATA MONDIALE DELLA GIOVENTÙ is written in the upper part of the centre, separated by the tail of the comet and two of the cathedral's spires, one of which extends into the outer ring. The outer ring contains the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO in the lower half and the twelve stars of the European Union in the upper half, with the year mark and the mint mark (R) separating them in the top centre.[37]

2006 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Italy Winter Olympics in Turin 2006 40 million coins FDI:[10] 10 January 2006
FDC:[11] 10 February 2006[38]
Description: The coin depicts a racing skier and the visitor attraction of Turin, the Mole Antonelliana (which incidentally is also depicted on the Italian 2 cent coin), together with a large number of inscriptions: above the skier's head, GIOCHI INVERNALI ("Winter Games"); below the tower, the name of the host city TORINO; beside the skier's right thigh, the engraver's initials (MCC); also to the right of the skier, the year mark (written vertically); and finally, to the right of the tower, the monogram of the Italian Republic (RI) and the mint mark (R). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[39]
 
 Luxembourg 25th Birthday of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume 1.1 million coins 11 January 2006[40]
Description: The coin depicts the effigy of Grand Duke Henri on the right side of the inner part, superimposed on the effigy of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume on the left side; both are looking to the right. The year mark appears below the effigies, flanked by the letter S and the mint mark. The inscription LËTZEBUERG appears above the effigies along the upper edge of the inner part of the coin. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[41]
 
 Germany Holstentor in Lübeck (Schleswig-Holstein)
First of the Bundesländer series		 30 million coins 3 February 2006[42]
Description: The coin shows the Holstentor in Lübeck in the centre part, with the inscription SCHLESWIG–HOLSTEIN below the gate at the bottom of the centre part. The mint mark is to the left, while the designer's initials (HH) are to the right. The inscription BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND is written in a semicircle in the lower part of the outer ring, and the year mark at the top; the twelve stars of the European Union are positioned between the year mark and the inscription at the bottom, in two groups of six stars each.[43]
 
 Belgium Renovation of the Atomium in Brussels 5 million coins 10 April 2006[44]
Description: The coin shows the Atomium in the centre part, with the mint marks to the lower right and left of it. The designer's initials (LL) are to the left. The letter B for Belgium is written at the top of the outer ring, and the year mark at the bottom; the twelve stars of the European Union are positioned between the year mark and the inscription at the top, in two groups of six stars each.[45]
 
 Finland 1st Centenary of the Introduction of Universal and Equal Suffrage 2.5 million coins 4 October 2006[46]
Description:' The coin shows two stylised faces in the centre part, one male and the other female; they are separated by a thin curved line. Two capital Ms appear to the left of each face, one of them the mint mark and the other one the artist's initial. On the left side, the date of the introduction of universal and equal suffrage in Finland (1. 10. 1906) is inscribed, while the right side of the coin contains the year mark and the country abbreviation (20 FI 06). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[47]
 
 San Marino 500th Anniversary of the Death of Christopher Columbus 120,000 coins 17 October 2006[48]
Description: A portrait of Christopher Columbus (looking to the right) before a background of the three caravels (the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa María), which he used in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, forms the central part of the coin's design. At the top of the inner part is the inscription SAN MARINO together with a compass rose, in the centre is the mint mark R, and at the bottom is a cartouche containing the inscription 1506–2006 and the initials of the designer (LDS). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[49]
 
 Vatican City 500th Anniversary of the Swiss Guard 100,000 coins 9 November 2006[50]
Description: The centre part of the coin features a member of the Swiss Guard taking his oath on the flag of the Swiss Guard, facing the right side. In the top part of the inner circle, the inscription GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA surrounds the guard, while the bottom part carries the inscription CITTÁ DEL VATICANO. The guard is surrounded by four other inscriptions, with the year 1506 and the signature of the designer O. ROSSI to his left and the year mark 2006 and the mint mark R to his right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[51]

2007 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Germany Schwerin Castle (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
Second of the Bundesländer series		 30 million coins 2 February 2007[52]
Description: The centre part of the coin shows a representation of Schwerin Castle. The inscription MECKLENBURG–VORPOMMERN and the engraver's initials HH appear underneath while the mint mark appears above. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin, with the year mark inscribed at the top of the outer ring.[53]
 
 Luxembourg Grand Ducal Palace 1.1 million coins 2 February 2007[54]
Description: The inner part of the coin design is divided into two halves: The right side shows Grand Duke Henri (looking to the left), while the Grand Ducal Palace is shown on the left side. Between the Grand Ducal Palace and the outer ring of the coin, the year mark is inscribed vertically, with the engraver's initials above and the mint mark below. The inscription LËTZEBUERG appears superimposed on the two elements of the main design of the coin. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[55]
 
 Vatican City 80th Birthday of Pope Benedict XVI 100,000 coins FDI:[10] 16 April 2007
FDC:[11] 1 October 2007[56]
Description: The inner part of the coin features a bust of Pope Benedict XVI in profile facing to the left. The legend BENEDICTI XVI P.M. AETATIS ANNO LXXX CITTÀ DEL VATICANO is engraved surrounding the portrait. On the right hand side, the mintmark R, the year mark and the initials of the engraver M.C.C. INC. are written, while the left hand side shows the name of the author LONGO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[57]
 
 Portugal Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2 million coins FDI:[10] 1 June 2007
FDC:[11] 1 July 2007[58]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a cork oak (Quercus suber) taking up most of the coin's design; under the branches, on the left hand side, is the coat of arms of Portugal and on the right hand side the word POR TU GAL written over three lines. The inscription 2007 PRESIDÊNCIA DO CONSELHO DA UE is written in a semicircle along the bottom of the inner part, with the artist's signature on the right and the mint mark near the coat of arms. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[59]
 
 Monaco 25th Anniversary of the Death of Grace Kelly 20,001 coins 1 July 2007[60]
Description: On the inner part of the coin there is an effigy of Grace Kelly in profile, facing to the right. MONACO, the mint mark, the year mark and the engraver's mark are engraved in an arc at the bottom right of the inner part. The name of the artist R. B. BARON is engraved under the Princess' hair. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[61]
 
 San Marino 200th Birthday of Giuseppe Garibaldi 130,000 coins 9 October 2007[62]
Description: The inner circle of the coin features a portrait of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The inscription SAN MARINO and the year mark are engraved along the circle on the left and right sides respectively. The mint mark R and the initials of the author Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini, E.L.F., appear on the right side of the inner circle. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[63]
 
 Finland 90th Anniversary of Finland's Independence 2 million coins 1 December 2007[64]
Description: The centre part of the coin shows nine people rowing a boat with long oars. The year mark 2007 and the year 1917 (when Finland became independent) appear on the top and the bottom of the design respectively. The mint mark appears on the left side, and the inscription FI on the right side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[65]

2007 commonly issued coin

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 European Union 50th Anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome 87.453 million coins 25 March 2007[66]
Description: The centre part of the coin shows the treaty signed by the original six member states of the European Coal and Steel Community, on a background symbolising Michelangelo's paving on the Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome where the treaty was signed. The translation of EUROPE is inscribed above the book, but within the central design, whereas the translation of TREATY OF ROME 50 YEARS appears above the design. The year mark and the name of the issuing country are inscribed below the design, and the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin. (The location of the mint mark (and the engraver's initials, if they are shown) differs between the thirteen different versions.)[67]
Image Country Volume
 Austria 9 million coins
Inscription: VERTRAG VON ROM 50 JAHRE, EUROPA, REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH
 Belgium 5 million coins
Inscription: PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM, \scriptstyle {\it EUROP}^A_E, BELGIQUE–BELGIE–BELGIEN
 Finland 1.4 million coins
Inscription: ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V, EUROOPPA, SUOMI FINLAND
 France 9.4 million coins
Inscription: TRAITÉ DE ROME 50 ANS, EUROPE, RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE
 Germany 30 million coins
Inscription: RÖMISCHE VERTRÄGE 50 JAHRE, EUROPA, BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
 Greece 4 million coins
Inscription: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΡΩΜΗΣ 50 XPONIA, EYPΩΠΗ, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
 Ireland 4.82 million coins
Inscription: CONRADH NA RÓIMHE 50 BLIAIN, AN EORAIP, ÉIRE[68]
 Italy 5 million coins
Inscription: TRATTATI DI ROMA 50° ANNIVERSARIO, EUROPA, REPUBBLICA ITALIANA
 Luxembourg 2.1 million coins
Inscription: TRAITÉ DE ROME 50 ANS, EUROPE, LËTZEBUERG
 Netherlands 6.333 million coins
Inscription: VERDRAG VAN ROME 50 JAAR, EUROPA, KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN
 Portugal 2 million coins
Inscription: TRATADO DE ROMA 50 ANOS, EUROPA, PORTUGAL
 Slovenia 400,000 coins
Inscription: RIMSKA POGODBA 50 LET, EVROPA, SLOVENIJA
 Spain 8 million coins
Inscription: TRATADO DE ROMA 50 AÑOS, EUROPA, ESPAÑA
Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since a latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait was added (as required by national law) using a technique called multi-view minting.[69]

A similar Dutch law, which requires the portrait of the current head of state of the Netherlands and the words NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden to appear on all coins issued by the Netherlands (for example, currently Beatrix Koningin der Nederlanden) was amended so that the Netherlands could take part in this program; the amendment completely removed the requirement for €2 commemorative coins.

Furthermore, due to Belgium's special multilingual society, the Belgian coin features the inscription PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM in Latin.

The three micro-states which also use the euro due to an official agreement with the European Union (Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City) did not issue this coin, as they are not member states of the European Union. However, some member states of the European Union which had not yet introduced the euro also took part in this program. For example, Cyprus issued a £1 coin and Hungary a 50 Ft coin with the same design.

2008 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Germany St. Michaelis Church (Hamburg)
Third of the Bundesländer series		 30 million coins 1 February 2008[70]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows St. Michaelis Church in Hamburg. The name of the federal State HAMBURG is inscribed beneath the image of the church. To the right of the church are the engraver's stylised initials OE and above it towards the centre the mint mark. The outer ring has the year mark inscribed at the top, six stars on each side and below them the words BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND.[71]
 
 Luxembourg Berg Castle 1.3 million coins 2 February 2008[72]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows, in the foreground on the left side the effigy of Grand Duke Henri looking to the right and in the background on the right side the picture of Berg Castle. The year mark is flanked by the mint mark and the mint master mark of the engraving workshop at the top of the coin. The name of the issuing country LËTZEBUERG appears at the bottom of the design. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[73]
 
 Italy 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5 million coins April 2008[74]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a man and a woman with an olive branch, an ear of corn, a cogwheel and some barbed wire, symbols respectively representing the right to peace, food, work and freedom, along with the links of a broken chain which form the figure 60°. In the centre of the coin are the initials of the issuing country RI; to the left the year mark; to the right the initials MCC of the artist, Maria Carmela Colaneri, and the mint mark; at the bottom, a cartouche with the inscription DIRITTI UMANI. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[75]
 
 San Marino European Year of Intercultural Dialogue 130,000 coins April 2008[76]
Description: The inner part of the coin represents the different cultures of the five regions within the European continent, symbolized by five human silhouettes and the sacred texts of the different communities. Arched inscriptions complete the design: at the top, SAN MARINO, and below that the year mark; at the bottom, ANNO EUROPEO DEL DIALOGO INTERCULTURALE and the initials E.L.F. of the artist, Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini; and to the left, the mint mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[77]
 
 Belgium 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5 million coins April/May 2008[78]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows curved lines around a rectangle marked with the figure 60. The year mark is inscribed above the rectangle and the words UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS appear below it. The name of the country in its three official languages (BELGIE – BELGIQUE – BELGIEN) is inscribed in a semicircle below the design. The mint marks appear to the left and right of the design respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[79]
 
 Slovenia 500th Birthday of Primož Trubar 1 million coins May 2008[80]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts an effigy of Primož Trubar in right profile. On the left the inscriptions PRIMOŽ TRUBAR and 1508–1586 appear in two semicircles, and towards the bottom right SLOVENIJA 2008 is inscribed (also in a semicircle). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[81]
 
 France French Presidency of the Council of the European Union 20 million coins July 2008[82]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows the inscription 2008

PRÉSIDENCE FRANÇAISE UNION EUROPÉENNE RF; the mint mark and the mintmaster's mark are located below, to the left and the right respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[83]
 
 Portugal 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1,025,000 coins 15 September 2008[84]
Description: The inner part of the coin features the Portuguese coat of arms at the top, above the name of the issuing country PORTUGAL, the year mark and a geometric design in the bottom half of the centre. The legend 60 ANOS DA DECLARAÇÃO UNIVERSAL DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS adorns edge of the bottom two thirds of the inner ring and is followed by the inscription Esc. J. Duarte INCM in very small characters. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[85]
 
 Vatican City 2008 – Year of Saint Paul the Apostle 100,000 coins 5 September 2008[86]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the conversion of Saint Paul on the road to Damascus (with the city visible in the background); the saint, dazzled by a light from the sky, falls from his rearing horse. Two inscriptions are engraved around the portrait: on the left side, an inscription denoting the issuing country CITTÀ DEL VATICANO; on the right side, the legend ANNO SANCTO PAULO DICATO. The year mark is inscribed to the right of the portrait, as well as the mintmark R and the artist's name VEROI. Beneath the portrait are the initials of the engraver Luciana De Simoni, L.D.S. INC.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[87]
 
 Finland 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1.5 million coins October 2008[88]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a human figure seen through a heart-shaped hole in a stone wall. The text HUMAN RIGHTS is inscribed under the heart, and the year mark is engraved above it. The indication of the issuing country FI, the letter K (initial of the artist Tapio Kettunen) and the mint mark appear at the bottom of the design. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[89]

2009 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Luxembourg 90th Anniversary of Grand Duchess Charlotte's Accession to the Throne 1.4 million coins 1 January 2009[90]
Description: The coin shows the effigy of Grand Duke Henri on the left hand side of its inner part, superimposed on the effigy of the Grand Duchess Charlotte, both looking to the left. The vertically aligned text LËTZEBUERG and the year mark, flanked by the mint master's mark and the mint mark, appear on the right hand side of the inner part of the coin. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[91]
 
 Germany Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken (Saarland)
Fourth of the Bundesländer series		 30 million coins 2 February 2009[92]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken. The name of the state SAARLAND and the mint mark appear under the monument; the engraver's initials FB (Friedrich Brenner) are displayed on the right of the monument. The lower part of the outer ring of the coin features the inscription BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, and the upper part bears the year mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[93]
 
 San Marino European Year of Creativity and Innovation 130,000 coins May 2009[94]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts objects representing scientific research: a book, a compass, a test tube and a flask. On the left are the three emblematic feathers of the Republic of San Marino. On the right the mint mark and year mark are shown. On the top is the legend CREATIVITÀ INNOVAZIONE. At the bottom are the inscription SAN MARINO and the initials of the artist A.M.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[95]
 
 Portugal 2009 Lusophony Games 1.25 million coins 9 June 2009[96]
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a gymnast swirling a long ribbon. At the top, the Portuguese coat of arms appears within a semicircle formed by the inscription PORTUGAL. In a semicircle at the bottom the legend 2.os JOGOS DA LUSOFONIA LISBOA is inscribed between the initials INCM on the left and the artist's name J. AURÉLIO on the right. The year mark appears above the gymnast's head, to the left. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin (on a background of concentric circular lines).[97]
 
 Belgium 200th Birthday of Louis Braille 5 million coins 25 September 2009[98]
Description: The inner part of the coin features a portrait of Louis Braille between his initials (L and B) in the Braille alphabet that he designed. Above the portrait is the inscription LOUIS BRAILLE, and underneath is the inscription BE between the dates 1809 and 2009. To the left and right respectively are the mint mark and the mint master mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[99]
 
 Italy 200th Birthday of Louis Braille 2 million coins 15 October 2009[100]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a hand reading an open book by touch. Above the index finger, which is pointing at the vertical inscription LOUIS BRAILLE 1809–2009, are two birds symbolising freedom of knowledge. The issuing country reference RI is at the top right, while the mint mark R is at the bottom right. Braille's name is written under the book in the Braille alphabet that he invented. At the very bottom are the initials MCC of the artist Maria Carmela Colanéri. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[101]
 
 Slovakia 20th Anniversary of the Start of the Velvet Revolution 1 million coins November 2009[102]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a stylised bell made up of a series of keys. This recalls the demonstration on 17 November 1989, when marching citizens shook their keyrings to make a jangling sound. This marked the beginning of the Velvet Revolution. To the bottom right of the design are the artist’s mark and the mint mark of the Slovak Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica). The design is surrounded above by the legend 17. NOVEMBER SLOBODA – DEMOKRACIA and the dates 1989–2009 and below by the name of the issuing country SLOVENSKO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[103]
 
 Vatican City International Year of Astronomy 106,084 October 2009[104]
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts an allegory of the birth of the stars and planets together with several astronomical instruments. The mint mark R is situated in the bottom left quadrant and the year mark 2009 is at the bottom. The design is surrounded on the bottom left-hand side by the legend ANNO INTERNAZIONALE DELL´ASTRONOMIA and on the top right-hand side by the name of the issuing country CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[105]
 
 Finland 200th Anniversary of Finnish Autonomy 1.6 million coins October 2009
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the profile of the Porvoo Cathedral, which was the site of opening of the first Diet of Finland. The date 1809 appears on the top, and the year mark is on the right side. The indication of the issuing country FI and the mint mark are on the left side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[106]

2009 commonly issued coin

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 European Union Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro. 84.085 million coins 1 January 2009[107]
Description: The centre of the coin shows a stylised human figure whose left arm is prolonged by the euro symbol. The initials ΓΣ of the sculptor appear below the euro symbol. The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) appear(s) at the top, while the indication 1999–2009 and the acronym EMU translated into the national language(s) appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[108]
Image Country Volume
 Austria 5 million coins
Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH, WWU (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion)
 Belgium 5 million coins
Inscription: BELGIE–BELGIQUE–BELGIEN, EMU (Economic and Monetary Union)
 Cyprus 1 million coins
Inscription: KYΠPOΣ KIBRIS, ONE (Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση)
 Finland 1.4 million coins
Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND, 2009, EMU
Coin edge inscription: TALOUS – JA RAHALIITTO EMU[109]
 France 10 million coins
Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, UEM (l'Union économique et monétaire)
 Germany 30 million coins
Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, WWU (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion)
 Greece 4 million coins
Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, ONE (Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση)
 Ireland 5 million coins
Inscription: éıʀe, AEA (Aontas Eacnamaíochta Airgeadaíochta)
 Italy 2.5 million coins
Inscription: REPUBBLICA ITALIANA, UEM (l'unione economica e monetaria)
 Luxembourg 1.4 million coins
Inscription: LËTZEBUERG, UEM (l'Union économique et monétaire).

Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since two latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait were added (as required by national law). The method used (multi-view-minting) was even more sophisticated than the one used in 2007, as portraits of the Grand Duke from the left and the right could be seen, depending on which way one tilted the coin.[110]
 Malta 700,000 coins
Inscription: MALTA, UEM (Unjoni Ekonomika u Monetarja)
 Netherlands 5.3 million coins
Inscription: Nederland, EMU (economische en monetaire unie)
 Portugal 1.285 million coins
Inscription: PORTUGAL, UEM (União Económica e Monetária)
 Slovakia 2.5 million coins
Inscription: SLOVENSKO, HMÚ (Hospodárska a menová únia)
 Slovenia 1 million coins
Inscription: SLOVENIJA, EMU (Ekonomska in monetarna unija)
 Spain 8 million coins
Inscription: ESPAÑA, UEM (Unión Económica y Monetaria)
The final design of the coin was chosen by electronic voting from 31 January 2008 to 22 February 2008, with the result announced on 25 February 2008. The designs were pre-selected by the national mint directors of the eurozone.[111]

The winner was George Stamatopoulos, a sculptor from the Bank of Greece Mint.

2010 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Luxembourg Arms of the Grand Duke 1 million coins 14 January 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts, on the left, a portrait of Grand Duke Henri facing towards the right, and on the right, the Coat of Arms of the Grand Duke, above which the year mark is shown between mint marks, overlapping slightly into the outer ring. Below, the name of the issuing country LËTZEBUERG overlaps slightly into the outer ring. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[112]
 
 Germany City Hall and Roland (Bremen)
Fifth of the Bundesländer series		 30 million coins 29 January 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin features the Bremen City Hall, with the Roland (a statue) in the foreground. The word BREMEN is inscribed below the town hall on the right. The mint mark appears at the top left. The initials of the artist Bodo Broschat are at the very bottom, just below the statue. The initial of the issuing country D and the year mark are inserted at the top and bottom of the outer ring of the coin respectively, where the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design.[113]
 
 Spain Historic Centre of Córdoba
First of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series		 8 million coins February 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the interior of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba. On the left is the mint mark, and below is the name of the issuing country followed by the year mark ESPAÑA 2010. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[114]
 
 Slovenia 200th Anniversary of the Botanical Garden of Ljubljana 1 million coins 10 May 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the Rebrinčevolistna Hladnikija plant. On the left under the plant, its scientific name HLADNIKIA PASTINACIFOLIA is written in an arc. Around the image in a circle is the legend SLOVENIJA 2010. 200 LET. BOTANIČNI VRT. LJUBLJANA. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[115]
 
 Italy 200th Birthday of Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour 4 million coins March 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a detail of the portrait of the Italian statesman in the centre, the inscriptions CAVOUR and RI on the left, and the mint mark, the dates 1810 and 2010 and the initials of the artist Claudia Momoni (C.M.) on the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[116]
 
 Belgium Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union 5 million coins June 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin shows the stylised letters EU and trio.be. Above the letters is the inscription BELGIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EU 2010 and below it the trilingual inscription BELGIE BELGIQUE BELGIEN. Underneath the logo, the mint mark is displayed to the left of the year mark, and the mint master's mark to the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[117]
 
 France Appeal of 18 June 20 million coins June 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin shows General Charles de Gaulle, in uniform and bareheaded, at a microphone typical of the time, reading the Appeal, in which the name of the country RF is cleverly inserted. At the top is the year mark and below it the inscriptions 70 ANS and APPEL 18 JUIN. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[118]
 
 Portugal Centenary of the Portuguese Republic 2.035 million coins September 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin shows in the centre the Portuguese coat of arms and the República effigy, two of the most representative symbols of the Portuguese Republic, surrounded by the legend República Portuguesa – 1910–2010, the mint mark and the name of the designer JOSE CÂNDIDO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[119]
 
 San Marino 500th Anniversary of the Death of Sandro Botticelli 130,000 coins 7 September 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts "Pleasure", a detail of one of the three dancing Graces, freely inspired by the painting Primavera by Sandro Botticelli. On the top is the year mark, on the left the name of the issuing country SAN MARINO and the mint mark and on the right the initial m of the designer Roberto Mauri. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[120]
 
 Vatican City Year for Priests 115,000 coins 12 October 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin features a shepherd drawing a lamb from a lion's maw. Two inscriptions are engraved around the design: the name of the issuing country CITTA’ DEL VATICANO on the top and the topic of commemoration ANNO SACERDOTALE below it. The year mark is displayed to the left of the design, the mint mark at the bottom and the artist's name VEROI to the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[121]
 
 Finland Currency Decree of 1860 granting Finland the right to issue banknotes and coins 1.6 million coins October 2010
Description: The design consists on the left side of a stylised lion figure from the coat of arms of Finland and the year mark, and on the right side of the mint mark and a set of numbers symbolising coin values. At the bottom the issuing country is indicated by the inscription FI. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[122]
 
 Greece 25th Centenary of the Battle of Marathon 2.5 million coins October 2010
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a synthesis of a shield and a runner/warrior symbolizing the battle for freedom and the noble ideals derived from the battle of Marathon. The bird on the shield symbolises the birth of western civilization in its present form. Surrounding the centre is the Greek inscription ΜΑΡΑΘΩΝΑΣ/2500 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ/490 Π.Χ./2010 Μ.Χ. (Marathon/2,500 years/490 BC/2010 AD) and the name of the issuing country (ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[123]

2011 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Slovakia 20th Anniversary of Foundation of the Visegrád Group 1 million coins[124] 10 January 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a map of the four countries that comprise the Visegrád Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). The map is supplemented by a stylized abbreviation V IV; the name of the issuing country SLOVENSKO is situated in the lower right part, and the year mark in the lower left part. The design is surrounded by the legend VYŠEHRADSKÁ SKUPINA • VISEGRAD GROUP and the date of the foundation of the Viségrad Group 15. 2. 1991. The initials of the coin's designer Miroslav Rónai and the mint mark appear under the name of the country. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[125]
 
 Netherlands 500th Anniversary of the Publication of The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus 4 million coins 24 January 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Erasmus writing his book and the effigy of Beatrix of the Netherlands. Between these two images, the inscription Beatrix Koningin der Nederlanden (vertically written), the year mark, the mint master mark and the mintmark appear. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[126]
 
 Germany Cologne Cathedral (North-Rhine Westphalia)
Sixth of the Bundesländer series		 30 million coins 28 January 2011
Description: The design shows the Cologne cathedral in its entirety, as a masterpiece of the Gothic architecture, emphasizing the beauty of the south portal. The name NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN, just below the building, links the pictured building with the state. The mint mark is located in the right upper part of the centre, with the artist Heinz Hoyer's initials in the right part of the centre. The year mark and the letter D (for Deutschland) are placed between the stars in the outer part of the coin, at the bottom and top, respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin[127]
 
 Luxembourg 50th Anniversary of the Appointment of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg by his mother Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as lieutenant-représentant 1.4 million coins 3 February 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg on the right-hand side looking to the left, and superimposed on the effigies of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. The text LËTZEBUERG is written above the three effigies. The year mark 2011, surrounded by the mint mark and the mintmaster mark, appears at the top. The name of the person depicted is written below the respective effigy. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[128]
 
 Spain Patio de los Leones of the Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada
Second of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series		 8 million coins March 2011
Description: The design shows an image of the Patio de los Leones in the Alhambra in Granada. At the bottom of the coin is the inscription ESPAÑA and the year mark, with the mint mark at the top. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[129]
 
 Slovenia 100th Birthday of Franc Rozman – Stane 1 million coins March 2011
Description: The design shows on the left side the image of Franc Rozman – Stane with a five-pointed star below him. The inscription SLOVENIJA separates the upper and lower parts of the right-hand side of the coin; the year mark is written vertically below the inscription, and the inscriptions FRANC, ROZMAN, STANE (vertically) and 1911, 1944 (horizontally) appear above the inscription. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[130]
 
 Belgium 1st Centenary of the International Women's Day 5 million coins March 2011
Description: The coin displays the effigies of Isala Van Diest, the first female Belgian doctor, and Marie Popelin, the first female Belgian lawyer. Their names (I. VAN DIEST and M. POPELIN) are written under the effigies, separated by the year mark, and above the inscriptions are the symbols of their respective professions (the Rod of Asclepius and the Scales of Justice). Above the effigies are the inscription BE, the mint master mark and the mint mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[131]
 
 Italy 150th Anniversary of Italian unification 10 million coins March 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin shows three Italian flags in the wind, representing the three anniversaries (1911, 1961 and 2011) and illustrating a link between generations; this is the logo of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification. There are a number of inscriptions: at the top, the inscription 150º DELL'UNITÀ D'ITALIA; at the right, the initials RI; at the bottom, the dates 1861 › 2011 › ›; under the dates, at the centre, the mint mark, and at the right, the initials of the artist Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini and his profession (incisore), ELF INC.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[132]
 
 France 30th Anniversary of Fête de la Musique 10 million coins 21 June 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a cheerful crowd (with the stylized image of a musical instrument and notes floating in the air) symbolizing the atmosphere of celebration on the Day of Music, which has been celebrated in France every summer solstice since 1981. The words Fête de la MUSIQUE and the date 21 JUIN 2011 appear in the centre of the drawing. At the top, slanting rightwards, are the words 30e ANNIVERSAIRE and the letters RF appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[133]
 
|  Greece 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Athens from 25 June to 4 July 2011 1 million coins June 2011
Description: The centre of the coin shows the symbol of the Games, a radiant sun, the "source of life that underlines the excellence and power of the athlete that takes part in the Games". "Excellence" is depicted in the olive branch, and "power" in the spiral form in the centre of the sun. Two inscriptions surround the centre on the right half, XIII Special Olympics W.S.G. Athens 2011 and ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, with the mint mark in between. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[134]
 
 San Marino 500th Birthday of Giorgio Vasari 130,000 coins June 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a detail from the painting Judith and Holofernes by Giorgio Vasari. At the bottom are the dates 1511–2011, with the inscription G. Vasari and the mint mark on the left and the inscriptions San Marino and C.M. (the mint maker Claudia Momoni's initials) on the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[135]
 
|  Monaco Wedding of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock 148,000 coins 2 July 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin shows the effigies of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock in the centre; the inscription MONACO and the yearmark are at the bottom, with the mint mark and the mint engraver's mark flanking the inscription. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[136]
 
 Portugal 500th Birthday of Fernão Mendes Pinto 520,000 coins 15 September 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin shows a sailing ship on several wave-shaped inscriptions referring to Portugal, Lisbon, his book Peregrinação and some of his travel destinations. The inscription Portugal appears underneath, and his name above. The years 1511 and 2011 appear are to the left and right of the central image, respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[137]
 
 Finland 200th Anniversary of the Bank of Finland (Suomen Pankki) 1.5 million coins October 2011
Description: The centre of the coin shows a Whooper Swan (the Finnish national bird). The swan's wing separates the years 1811 (at the bottom right) and 2011 (at the centre left). The letter V in the left armpit of the swan stands for the surname of the designer Hannu Veijalainen. At the bottom of the inner ring, the inscription FI and the mint mark are shown. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[138]
 
 Malta First election of representatives in 1849
First of the constitutional history series		 430,000 coins October 2011
Description: The centre of the coin depicts a hand putting a vote into a ballot box. There are two inscriptions: the year mark at the bottom of the inner part of the coin, and at the top and right the inscription MALTA — First elected representatives 1849. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[139]
 
 Vatican City 26th World Youth Day in August 2011 115,000 coins October 2011
Description: The inner part of the coin shows three young people and two flags, as well as the mint mark and the year mark. At the top of the inner ring, interrupted by a crown and the flags, is the inscription XXVI G. M. G. (for the Italian 26ᵃ Giornata Mondiale della Gioventù). At the bottom of the inner ring is the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[140]

2012 coinage

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 Luxembourg Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1.4 million coins January 2012
Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Grand Duke Henri (looking to the right) on the left side, superimposed on Grand Duke William IV, looking to the right. The inscription GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG and the year mark appear above the effigies, flanked by the mintmark and the initials of the mint master. In front of the effigies, the outline of the city of Luxembourg appears as a background. The names HENRI and GUILLAUME IV and the text † 1912 are written below the respective effigies. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.[141]
 

2012 commonly issued coin

Image Country Feature Volume Date
 European Union 10th Anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes
Description:
Image Country Volume Date
 Austria 2 January 2012
Inscription:
 Belgium
Inscription:
 Cyprus
Inscription:
 Estonia 2 million coins 2 January 2012
Inscription:
 Finland
Inscription:
 France
Inscription:
 Germany 30 million coins 2 January 2012
Inscription:
 Greece 1 million coins 2 January 2012
Inscription:
 Ireland
Inscription:
 Italy
Inscription:
 Luxembourg 500,000 coins
Inscription:
 Malta
Inscription: '
 Netherlands
Inscription:
 Portugal
Inscription:
 Slovakia 2 January 2012
Inscription:
 Slovenia 1 million coins 3 January 2012
Inscription:
 Spain 2 January 2012
Inscription:
The final design of the coin was chosen by electronic voting.

The winner was Helmut Andexlinger, a professional designer from the Austrian Mint.[142]

German Bundesländer series

Germany started the commemorative coin series Die 16 Bundesländer der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (The 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany) in 2006, which will continue until 2021. The year in which the coin for a specific state is issued coincides with that state's Presidency of the Bundesrat.[143] The coins issued are:

Year Number State Design
2006 1  Schleswig-Holstein Holstentor in Lübeck
2007 2  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Schwerin Castle
2008 3  Hamburg St. Michaelis Church
2009 4  Saarland Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken
2010 5  Bremen City Hall and Roland
2011 6  North Rhine-Westphalia Cologne Cathedral

The other ten coins will be issued in the following years; note that some designs are not yet finalised and still subject to change. Originally, the designs for the following states were different:[143]

Year Number State Design
2012 7  Bavaria Neuschwanstein Castle near Füssen
2013 8  Baden-Württemberg Maulbronn Abbey
2014 9  Lower Saxony St. Andrew's Church in Hildesheim
2015 10  Hesse Paulskirche in Frankfurt am Main
2016 11  Saxony Zwinger Palace in Dresden
2017 12  Rhineland-Palatinate Porta Nigra in Trier
2018 13  Berlin Charlottenburg Palace
2019 14  Saxony-Anhalt Cathedral of Magdeburg
2020 15  Thuringia Wartburg Castle in Eisenach
2021 16  Brandenburg Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam

The series is similar to the United States' 50 State Quarters series, which saw fifty coins issued for its fifty constituent states, five per year between 1999 and 2008. A separate program saw six coins issued in 2009 for the District of Columbia and five territories of the United States.

Maltese constitutional history series

Malta started a series of five €2 commemorative coins, all related to the Maltese constitutional history. The first coin was released in 2011 and the last coin will be minted in 2015.[144] It is likely that the 4th coin, which will be released in 2014, will commemorate 50th anniversary of Malta's constitution.

The issued coin is:

Year Number Design
2011 1 First Election of Representatives in 1849

The four coins to be issued in the following years are:

Year Number Design
2012 2 1887 Majority Representation
2013 3 Establishment of Self-Government in 1921[145]
2014 4 Independence from Britain in 1964[145]
2015 5 Proclamation of the Republic of Malta in 1974

Spanish UNESCO World Heritage Sites series

Spain started the commemorative coin series Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage) in 2010, commemorating all of Spain's UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which could continue until 2050. The order in which the coin for a specific site is issued coincides with the order in which they were declared a UNESCO World Heritage site.[146] The coins issued are:

Year Number Design
2010 1 Historic Centre of Córdoba
2011 2 Patio de los Leones of the Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada

The coins planned to be issued in the coming years are:

Year Number Design
2012 3 Burgos Cathedral
2013 4 Monastery and Site of the Escorial, Madrid
2014 5 Works of Antoni Gaudí
2015 6 Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain

Notes

  1. ^ European Commission. "Euro coins". http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/the_euro/notes_coins8787_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-22. 
  2. ^ "OJ 2003/C 247/03". Official Journal of the European Union. 15 October 2003. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2003:247:0005:0006:EN:PDF. 
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  10. ^ a b c d e FDI = first date of issue
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  68. ^ written in Gaelic script
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References